01 · Audit methodology

Confidence scoring (4-dim weighted model)

Last updated 2026-04-21
Draft published
First-pass content live. Engineering review and Opnor-team validation in progress — see the "author backlog" callouts at the bottom.

Every kW in an Opnor audit carries a confidence score. The score is a single percentage but it's a 4-dimensional weighted model under the hood — and understanding the weighting is the difference between "our data is garbage" and "here are the three assets we need to field-measure."

Why we score, not just average

A common mistake in industrial audits is reporting a single "data quality percentage" per plant. It's correct in spirit but useless in practice — it doesn't tell you which inputs are weakest, where to spend your verification budget, or which ECMs you should hesitate to recommend.

Opnor's confidence model breaks the score into the four input fields that actually drive savings calculations, weights them by their leverage on the energy estimate, and surfaces the result per asset. The audit report can then show you exactly which 3–5 assets need a field walk-through to lift the site-level score above 80%.

The 4-dimensional model

Every asset row contributes four input fields to its annual energy estimate. The confidence score weights them by impact on the result:

kw_source — 40%
Where the nameplate kW came from. Highest weight: cube the wrong nameplate and your savings estimate is junk.
lf_source — 30%
Load factor (0–1). High variance between assumed and actual; central to ECM identification.
hours_source — 20%
Annual operating hours. Lower weight than LF because it's typically known from production schedule.
fuel_source — 10%
For thermal/fuel assets: calorific value, fuel type, and combustion efficiency. Smaller leverage on the kWh-equivalent number.
Why 40/30/20/10
These weights are calibrated against ~30 years of audit-vs-measured comparisons. kW-source dominates because nameplate errors compound (wrong kW × any LF × any hours = wrong answer). LF-source is second because it's the field auditors most often estimate. Operating hours are usually well-known. Fuel/thermal fields have the smallest leverage because most of an industrial plant's energy is electrical or steam, not fuel-direct.

Source taxonomy (5 levels)

Each of the four fields takes one of five source-type values, each with its own confidence weight before being multiplied by the dimension weight above.

MEASURED — 100%
Directly metered or trended over a representative period. The gold standard.
NAMEPLATE — 80%
Read off the equipment nameplate or design spec. Usually correct for kW; less so for load factor.
ESTIMATED — 60%
Calculated from related fields (e.g. derived kW from HP, or load factor from spot measurement).
ASSUMED — 40%
Industry-default value used when no asset-specific data exists.
MISSING — 0%
No data for this field. Estimate is fully synthetic.

How the weights aggregate

An asset's confidence score is the dimension-weighted sum of its source-level scores. For an asset with:

  • kw_source = NAMEPLATE → 80%
  • lf_source = ESTIMATED → 60%
  • hours_source = MEASURED → 100%
  • fuel_source = N/A (electrical asset) → not counted

The score is:

confidence calculation · electrical asset
# Source-level confidence (% from the taxonomy table)
kw_conf      = 80    # NAMEPLATE
lf_conf      = 60    # ESTIMATED
hours_conf   = 100   # MEASURED
fuel_conf    = None  # not applicable — electrical asset

# Dimension weights (electrical: drop fuel, renormalize to 100%)
kw_weight    = 0.444  # was 0.40, now 0.40 / 0.90
lf_weight    = 0.333  # was 0.30, now 0.30 / 0.90
hours_weight = 0.222  # was 0.20, now 0.20 / 0.90

confidence = (
    kw_conf    * kw_weight    +    # 80  × 0.444 = 35.6
    lf_conf    * lf_weight    +    # 60  × 0.333 = 20.0
    hours_conf * hours_weight       # 100 × 0.222 = 22.2
)
# → 78%

For a thermal asset (boiler, kiln, dryer), the fourth dimension stays in and the original 40 / 30 / 20 / 10 weights apply directly.

For purely electrical assets the fuel_source dimension is dropped and the remaining three weights renormalize to 100% (kw 44%, lf 33%, hours 22%). This prevents penalizing electrical assets for not having a thermal field.

Pill thresholds and what they mean

The Asset Hierarchy and Reconciliation Dashboard render every asset's confidence as a coloured pill:

GREEN — 70% or higher
Inputs are well-grounded. Savings calculations are defensible against this asset without further verification.
AMBER — 40% to 70%
At least one input is estimated or assumed. ECMs identified on this asset are reasonable but should be flagged as "subject to field verification" in the deliverable.
RED — below 40%
Multiple inputs missing or assumed. The asset shouldn't carry an ECM recommendation without field measurement. We'll typically recommend short-term metering on RED assets that drive material load.

Verification-priority list

On every audit the platform produces a ranked list of the 3–5 assets where spending one day with a clip-on meter would lift the site-level confidence score the most. The ranking is a function of:

  • Asset's contribution to total site energy (a 250 kW kiln matters more than a 5 kW office fan)
  • Current confidence score (lower → bigger absolute lift)
  • Which dimension is weakest (kw_source = ASSUMED is more verifiable than fuel_source = MISSING)
  • Cluster effect — verifying one motor in a row of identical assets lifts confidence on all of them

On a typical first-pass audit (no sub-metering, asset list from spreadsheets), the site-level score lands at 60–70%. Verifying the top 5 assets per the priority list typically lifts it to 80–88%, which is enough confidence for ECMs to advance to capital allocation.

🚧 Author backlog (Opnor team to fill)
  • Confirm the 40/30/20/10 weights match Opnor's current calibration (currently from CLAUDE.md — verify in code)
  • Add a real verification-priority example from a recent audit
  • Document the renormalization rule for non-thermal assets — confirm with engineering